Can practice build in-session mindfulness and presence?

The study: A replicated single-case design with four advanced practicum trainees, who rated their mindfulness and presence with a real client before and during eight weekly inner-skills exercises.

What they found: All four trainees reported meaningful increases in mindfulness with clients. Only two reported improved presence. The authors suggest the exercises focus on inner experience rather than engagement with the client, which may explain the difference.

Why it matters for practice: Inner-skills practice may help us stay attentive in session. Feeling present with a client may need exercises that include the relationship.

Orlowski, E. W., Friedlander, M. L., & Moeyaert, M. (2026). Using deliberate practice for inner skills to enhance therapist in-session mindfulness and presence. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 39(3), 394–413. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2025.2551710